Subaru Impreza enjini
Awọn akoonu
Awoṣe ti awọn onijakidijagan pupọ julọ ṣepọ pẹlu awọn ere idaraya mọto ni Subaru Impreza. Diẹ ninu awọn ro o kan awoṣe ti poku buburu lenu, awọn miran - awọn Gbẹhin ala. Sibẹsibẹ, awọn oju-ọna meji ti awọn iwo ko tako ipinnu akọkọ pe sedan arosọ ni ihuwasi pataki kan.
Uncomfortable ti akọkọ iran Impreza (keke ati sedan) waye ni 1992. Ni ọdun meji lẹhinna, awoṣe coupe kan ti gbekalẹ si ile-ẹjọ ti awọn awakọ ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ, botilẹjẹpe ni ẹda ti o lopin kuku. Ninu tito sile Subaru, Impreza yara gba onakan ofo ti o ṣẹda laarin awọn ẹya Justy ati Legacy.
Apẹrẹ naa da lori pẹpẹ ti o kuru ti iṣaaju - “Ọjọ-ijọba” ti a mẹnuba tẹlẹ. Ni ibẹrẹ, ibi-afẹde akọkọ ti iṣẹ akanṣe yii ni lati ṣẹda ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ iṣelọpọ - alabaṣe “mimọ”, ati, o ṣee ṣe, aṣaju ti apejọ agbaye WRC. Bi abajade, ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ti o ni imọlẹ ati kii ṣe deede han, ẹni-kọọkan ti a fihan ni pato eyiti o fun u ni idanimọ jakejado ti awọn ti onra.
Subaru Impreza enjini
Awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ti wa ni ipese pẹlu afẹṣẹja mẹrin-cylinder enjini ti awọn EJ iyipada ni orisirisi awọn ẹya. Awọn ẹya ti o rọrun "Impreza" gba 1,6-lita "EJ16" ati 1,5-lita "EJ15". Awọn iyatọ ti oke-ti-laini, iyasọtọ "Impreza WRX" ati "Impreza WRX STI", ni ipese pẹlu turbocharged "EJ20" ati "EJ25", lẹsẹsẹ. Lori awọn awoṣe ti ko lagbara ti iran kẹta, ọkan ati idaji lita kan EL15 agbara tabi ẹrọ diesel afẹṣẹja-lita meji ti fi sori ẹrọ.
Ẹya kẹrin ti Subaru Impreza jẹ "ologun" pẹlu 2-lita "FB20" ati 1,6-lita "FB16", ati awọn iyipada idaraya ti ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ - "FA20" (fun "WRX") ati "EL25" / "EJ20" ("WRX STI") lẹsẹsẹ. Ni kedere alaye yii ni a gbekalẹ ni awọn tabili 1-5.
Tabili 1.
| Iran | Awọn ọdun ti itusilẹ | Brand ti awọn keke | Iwọn ati agbara enjini | Iru gbigbe | Iru idana ti a lo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 1992 - 2002 | EJ15 EJ15 | 1.5 (102,0 HP) | 5 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | A-92 (USA) |
| EJ15 | 1.5 (97,0 HP) | 5 MT, 4 ATI | A-92 (USA) | ||
| EJ16 | 1.6 (100,0 HP) | 5 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | A-92 (USA) | ||
| EJ18 | 1.8 (115,0 HP) | 5 MT, 4 ATI | A-92 (USA) | ||
| EJ18 | 1.8 (120,0 HP) | 5 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | A-92 (USA) | ||
| EJ22 | 2,2 (137,0 HP) | 5 MT, 4 ATI | A-92 (USA) | ||
| EJ20E | 2,0 (125,0 HP) | 5 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | AI-95, AI - 98 | ||
| I | 1992 - 2002 | EJ20E | 2,0 (135,0 HP) | 5 MT, 4 ATI | AI-95, AI - 98 |
| EJ20 | 2,0 (155,0 HP) | 5 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | AI-95, AI - 98 | ||
| EJ25 | 2,5 (167,0 HP) | 5 MT, 5 ATI | AI-95, AI - 98 | ||
| EJ20G | 2,0 (220,0 HP) | 5 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | A-92 (USA) | ||
| EJ20G | 2,0 (240,0 HP) | 5 MT | AI-95, AI - 98 | ||
| EJ20G | 2,0 (250,0 HP) | 5 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | AI-95, AI - 98 | ||
| EJ20G | 2,0 (260,0 HP) | 5 MT, 4 ATI | AI-95, AI - 98 | ||
| EJ20G | 2,0 (275,0 HP) | 5 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | AI-95, AI - 98 | ||
| EJ20G | 2,0 (280,0 HP) | 5 MT, 4 ATI | A-92 (USA) |
Tabili 2.
| II | 2000 - 2007 | EL15 | 1.5 (100,0 HP) | 5 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | AI-92, AI - 95 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EL15 | 1.5 (110,0 HP) | 5 MT, 4 ATI | A-92 (USA) | ||
| EJ16 | 1.6 (95,0 HP) | 5 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | AI-95 | ||
| EJ201 | 2,0 (125,0 HP) | 4 ATI | AI-95, AI - 98 | ||
| EJ204 | 2,0 (160,0 HP) | 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | AI-95, AI - 98 | ||
| EJ253, EJ251 | 2,5 (175,0 HP) | 5 MT | AI-95, AI - 98 | ||
| EJ205 | 2,0 (230,0 HP) | 5 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | AI-95 | ||
| EJ205 | 2,0 (250,0 HP) | 5 MT, 4 ATI | AI-95 | ||
| EJ255 | 2,5 (230,0 HP) | 5 MKPP | AI-95 | ||
| EJ207 | 2,0 (265,0 HP) | 5 MT | AI-95 | ||
| EJ207 | 2,0 (280,0 HP) | 5 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | A-92 (USA) | ||
| EJ257 | 2,5 (280,0 HP) | 6 MT | AI-95 | ||
| EJ257 | 2,5 (300,0 HP) | 6 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 5 gbigbe laifọwọyi | AI-95 |
Tabili 3.
| III | 2007 - 2014 | EJ15 | 1.5 (110,0 HP) | 5 MT, 4 ATI | A-92 (USA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EJ20E | 2,0 (140,0 HP) | 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | A-92 (USA) | ||
| EJ25 | 2,5 (170,0 HP) | 5 MT, 4 ATI | A-92 (USA) | ||
| EJ205 | 2,0 TD (250,0 HP) | 5 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 4 gbigbe laifọwọyi | Diesel | ||
| EJ255 ẹya 1 | 2,5 (230,0 HP) | 5 MT, 4 ATI | A-92 (USA) | ||
| EJ255 ẹya 2 | 2,5 (265,0 HP) | 5 MKPP | A-92 (USA) | ||
| EJ207 | 2,0 (308,0 HP) | 5 MKPP | AI-95 | ||
| EJ207 | 2,0 (320,0 HP) | 5 MT | AI-95 | ||
| EJ257 | 2,5 (300,0 HP) | 6 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 5 gbigbe laifọwọyi | AI-95 |
Tabili 4.
| IV | 2011 - 2016 | FB16 | 1,6i (115,0 hp) | 5MT, CVT | AI-95 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FB20 | 2,0 (150,0 HP) | 6 MKPP | Diesel | ||
| FA20 | 2,0 (268,0 HP) | 6 MT | AI-95 | ||
| FA20 | 2,0 (.300,0 HP) | 6 gbigbe pẹlu ọwọ, 5 gbigbe laifọwọyi | AI-95 | ||
| EJ207 | 2,0 (308,0 HP) | 6 MT | AI-95 | ||
| EJ207 | 2,0 (328,0 HP) | 6 MKPP | AI-98 | ||
| EJ257 | 2,5 (305,0 HP) | 6 MT | A-92 (USA) |
Tabili 5.
| V | 2016 - lọwọlọwọ | FB16 | 1,6i (115,0 hp) | 5MKPP, CVT | AI-95 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FB20 | 2,0 (150,0 HP) | CVT | AI-95 |
Технические характеристики
Bi o ti le ri lati Table 1, awọn wun ti powertrains fun Impreza jẹ ti iyalẹnu ọlọrọ ati orisirisi. Sibẹsibẹ, laarin awọn onimọran otitọ ti awoṣe yii, awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ti a fi sori ẹrọ lori awọn ẹya oke ti WRX ati WRX STI jẹ pataki julọ. O jẹ aṣẹ nipasẹ ipele giga ti iṣẹ ṣiṣe ni idapo pẹlu imọ-ẹrọ pataki wọn ati awọn abuda iṣiṣẹ. Lati ni oye iyara ti itankalẹ ti awọn agbara agbara Impreza, ronu awọn awoṣe pupọ: EJ20E-lita meji (135,0 hp) ti iran akọkọ, 2,5-lita EJ25 (170,0) ti iran kẹta ati 2,0-lita EJ207 (308,0 XNUMX hp) ) iran kẹrin. Awọn data ti wa ni gbekalẹ ninu tabili.
Tabili 6.
| Orukọ paramita | Iwọn wiwọn | EJ20E | EJ25 | EJ207 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iwọn didun ṣiṣẹ | cm 3 | 1994 | 2457 | 1994 |
| Torque iye | Nm/rpm | 181 / 4 000 | 230 / 6 000 | 422 / 4 400 |
| Agbara (o pọju) | kW/hp | 99,0/135,0 | 125,0/170,0 | 227,0/308,0 |
| Epo lilo (fun 1 km) | л | si 1,0 | si 1,0 | si 1,0 |
| Nọmba ti awọn falifu fun silinda | ege | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Iwọn silinda | mii | 92 | 99.5 | 92 |
| Ọpọlọ | mii | 75 | 79 | 75 |
| Iwọn didun ti eto lubrication | л | 4,0 (titi di ọdun 2007), 4,2 (lẹhin) | 4,0 (titi di ọdun 2007), 4,5 (lẹhin) | 4,0 (titi di ọdun 2007), 4,2 (lẹhin) |
| Awọn burandi ti epo ti a lo | - | 0W30, 5W30, 5W40,10W30, 10W40 | 0W30, 5W30, 5W40,10W30, 10W40 | 0W30, 5W30, 5W40,10W30, 10W40 |
| Ohun elo ẹrọ | ẹgbẹrun, km | 250 + | 250 + | 250 + |
| Ara iwuwo | кг | 147 | ~ 120,0 | 147 |
Awọn ẹya apẹrẹ ati awọn iṣoro aṣoju
Awọn ẹya agbara ti a fi sori ẹrọ lori awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ Impreza, bii ẹrọ eka eyikeyi, ni awọn ailagbara abuda iyasọtọ fun rẹ:
- Ni fere gbogbo awọn iyipada ti EJ20, pẹ tabi ya kọlu kan han ni silinda kẹrin. Idi fun iṣẹlẹ rẹ jẹ aipe ti apẹrẹ ti eto itutu agbaiye. Ti pataki nla ni iye akoko ikọlu naa. Afihan kukuru ti aami aisan yii laarin awọn iṣẹju 3 lẹhin ibẹrẹ jẹ ipo deede, lakoko ti titẹ iṣẹju mẹwa 10 ti ẹrọ ti o gbona daradara jẹ ipalara ti isọdọtun ti o sunmọ.
- Ibijoko jin ti awọn oruka piston, pilẹṣẹ ilosoke ninu lilo epo (ni awọn ẹya ti o ni ipese pẹlu turbocharger).
- Alekun wiwọ ati ere ti awọn edidi camshaft ati awọn ideri àtọwọdá ti nfa jijo lubricant. Imukuro airotẹlẹ iru iṣoro bẹ yoo ja si idinku ninu titẹ epo ninu eto ati, bi abajade, ebi epo ti ẹrọ naa.
- Awọn ẹya agbara EJ25 ni awọn odi silinda tinrin ni akawe si awọn awoṣe ẹrọ ijona inu miiran, eyiti o mu eewu ti igbona pupọ pọ si, ibajẹ ori silinda ati jijo gasiketi.
- Awọn iyipada EJ257 ati EJ255 nigbagbogbo “jiya” lati titan awọn ila.
- Awọn FB20 jẹ ohun akiyesi fun awọn ailagbara katalitiki nitori ifamọ giga si ipele epo ati didara epo. Ni afikun, awọn ẹrọ ti a ṣelọpọ ṣaaju ọdun 2013 nigbagbogbo ni awọn abawọn to ṣe pataki ninu bulọọki silinda.
Awọn oluşewadi ati igbẹkẹle
Awọn anfani akọkọ ti awọn ile-iṣẹ agbara Subaru Impreza jẹ iwọntunwọnsi to dara julọ, agbara giga, gbigbọn kekere ti o tẹle ilana iṣẹ, ati awọn orisun to gun to gun. Iṣeṣe fihan pe pupọ julọ awọn ẹrọ ijona inu ti a fi sori ẹrọ lori Impreza ṣe laisi atunṣe pataki ti 250 - 300 ẹgbẹrun kilomita.
Sibẹsibẹ, o yẹ ki o ṣe akiyesi pe alaye yii ko kan awọn ẹrọ ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ere idaraya turbocharged. Gbogbo awọn iyipada ti awọn ẹya wọnyi ni a ṣiṣẹ ni ipo ti awọn ẹru aladanla, nigbagbogbo yori si olopobobo lẹhin 120 - 150 ẹgbẹrun maileji. Awọn ọran ti o nira paapaa tun wa nigbati mimu-pada sipo mọto naa ko ṣee ṣe ni imọ-ẹrọ.
Ipele ti o ga julọ ti igbẹkẹle jẹ ohun-ini nipasẹ awọn agbara agbara, iwọn iṣẹ ti ko de ọdọ awọn liters meji: EJ18, EJ16 ati EJ15. Sibẹsibẹ, awọn enjini-lita meji jẹ olokiki diẹ sii nitori pe wọn ni agbara diẹ sii.
Gẹgẹbi awọn onimọ-ẹrọ - awọn olupilẹṣẹ ti ibakcdun Subaru, awọn awoṣe jara FB jẹ ẹbun pẹlu orisun ti o pọ si nipasẹ idamẹta.
Ni ipari - abajade ti ọkan ninu awọn iwadii ti awọn alamọja ati awọn onijakidijagan ti awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ Subaru Impreza, ti a ṣe apẹrẹ lati pinnu awọn ẹrọ ti o dara julọ. Iwọn ogorun ti o tobi julọ ti awọn idiyele giga julọ ni a gba nipasẹ awọn ẹrọ SOHS lita meji: EJ20E, EJ201, EJ202.
