Awọn ipin ihamọra Jamani: Oṣu Kini ọdun 1942–Okudu 1944

German armored ìpín

Ìpolongo náà ní Soviet Union lọ́dún 1941, láìka àwọn ìṣẹ́gun amúnikún-fún-ẹ̀rù tí Wehrmacht ṣẹ́gun lórí ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun Pupa tí kò ní ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì àti tí a kò dá lẹ́kọ̀ọ́, parí láìdábọ̀ fún àwọn ará Jámánì. A ko ṣẹgun USSR ati pe a ko gba Moscow. Àwọn ọmọ ogun ilẹ̀ Jámánì tí ó ti rẹ̀ la àkókò òtútù líle náà já, ogun náà sì yí padà di ìforígbárí tí ó ti pẹ́ tí ó sì jẹ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ohun àmúṣọrọ̀ ènìyàn àti ti ara jẹ. Ati pe awọn ara Jamani ko ṣetan fun eyi, ko yẹ ki o jẹ bẹ…

A ṣe ipinnu ikọlu German miiran fun igba ooru 1942, eyiti o jẹ lati pinnu aṣeyọri ti ipolongo ni ila-oorun. Awọn iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ti ibinu ni a ti ṣalaye ni Itọsọna No.. 41 ti Oṣu Kẹrin Ọjọ 5, 1942, nigbati ipo ti o wa ni iwaju ti duro ati Wehrmacht ti ye ni igba otutu, fun eyi ti ko ṣetan patapata.

Niwọn igba ti aabo Moscow ti ṣe afihan ti ko le bori, o pinnu lati ge USSR kuro ni awọn orisun epo - ohun elo pataki fun ogun naa. Awọn ifiṣura akọkọ ti epo Soviet wa ni Azerbaijan (Baku lori Okun Caspian), nibiti diẹ sii ju 25 milionu toonu ti epo ti a ṣe ni ọdun kọọkan, eyiti o jẹ iṣiro fun gbogbo iṣelọpọ Soviet. Apa pataki ti mẹẹdogun to ku ṣubu lori agbegbe Maikop-Grozny (Russia ati Chechnya) ati Makhachkala ni Dagestan. Gbogbo awọn agbegbe wọnyi wa boya ni awọn oke-nla ti Caucasus, tabi diẹ si guusu ila-oorun ti ibiti oke nla yii. Ikọlu lori Caucasus pẹlu ifọkansi ti yiya awọn aaye epo ati lori Volga (Stalingrad) lati ge awọn iṣọn-ara ibaraẹnisọrọ nipasẹ eyiti a ti gbe epo robi lọ si aarin apakan ti USSR ni lati ṣe nipasẹ GA “South” , ati awọn ẹgbẹ ogun meji miiran - "Aarin" ati "Ariwa" - yẹ ki o ti lọ lori igbeja. Nitorina, ni igba otutu ti 1941/1942 GA "South" bẹrẹ si ni okun nipasẹ gbigbe awọn ẹya lati awọn ẹgbẹ ogun ti o ku si guusu.

Ibiyi ti titun armored ìpín

Ipilẹ fun ẹda ti awọn ipin tuntun jẹ ọpọlọpọ awọn ẹya, pẹlu awọn idasile ihamọra, eyiti o bẹrẹ lati dagba ni isubu ti 1940. Awọn ijọba mẹrin ti o ṣẹṣẹ ṣẹda ati awọn ọmọ ogun meji lọtọ ti ni ipese pẹlu ohun elo Faranse ti o gba. Awọn ẹya wọnyi ni a ṣẹda laarin Igba Irẹdanu Ewe ti 1940 ati orisun omi 1941. Wọn jẹ: 201st Armored Regiment, eyiti o gba Somua H-35 ati Hotchkiss H-35/H-39; 202nd Tank Regiment, ni ipese pẹlu 18 Somua H-35s ati 41 Hotchkiss H-35/H-39s; 203rd Tank Regiment gba Somua H-35 ati Hotchkiss H-35/39; 204th Tank Regiment sọtọ si Somua H-35 ati Hotchkiss H-35 / H39; Awọn ọmọ ogun ojò 213th, ni ipese pẹlu awọn tanki eru 36 Char 2C, ni a pe ni Pz.Kpfw. B2; Ẹgbẹ́ ogun ojò 214,

gba + 30 Renault R-35.

Ni Oṣu Kẹsan ọjọ 25, ọdun 1941, ilana ti ṣiṣẹda awọn ipin ojò meji diẹ sii bẹrẹ - pipin 22nd ati pipin ojò 23rd. Awọn mejeeji ni a ṣẹda lati ibere ni Ilu Faranse, ṣugbọn awọn ilana ijọba ojò rẹ jẹ 204th Tank Regiment ati 201st Tank Regiment lẹsẹsẹ, ati pe wọn ni ipese pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn ohun elo Jamani ati Czech. Awọn 204th Tank Regiment gba: 10 Pz II, 36 Pz 38 (t), 6 Pz IV (75 / L24) ati 6 Pz IV (75 / L43), nigba ti 201st Tank Regiment gba German-ṣe tanki. Diẹdiẹ, awọn ipinlẹ ni awọn ijọba mejeeji ti kun, botilẹjẹpe wọn ko de ọdọ oṣiṣẹ ni kikun. Ni Oṣu Kẹta ọdun 1942, a fi awọn ipin ranṣẹ si iwaju.

Ni Oṣu Kejila ọjọ 1, ọdun 1941, ni ibudó Stalbek (bayi Dolgorukovo ni East Prussia), atunto ti Ẹka 1st Cavalry Division sinu Ẹgbẹ Tanki 24th bẹrẹ. Rejimenti ojò 24th rẹ ni a ṣẹda lati inu battalion 101st flamethrower tanki ti tuka, ti a ṣe afikun nipasẹ awọn ẹlẹṣin lati awọn ijọba ẹlẹṣin 2nd ati 21st ti pipin, ti o kọ ẹkọ bi awọn ọkọ oju omi. Lákọ̀ọ́kọ́, gbogbo ẹ̀ka mẹ́tẹ̀ẹ̀ta ló ní ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun ọlọ́pàá oníbọn tí ó ní ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun ọlọ́pàá mẹ́ta àti ẹgbẹ́ ológun alùpùpù kan, ṣùgbọ́n ní July 1942 àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun ìbọn ti tú ká, wọ́n sì dá ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun ọlọ́pàá ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì sílẹ̀, àwọn méjèèjì sì jẹ́ ọ̀gágun mẹ́ta. yi pada si a meji-battalion Rejimenti.

Ngbaradi fun ibinu tuntun

Axis naa ṣakoso lati ṣajọ nipa awọn ọmọ ogun miliọnu kan fun ibinu, ti a ṣeto si 65 German ati 25 Romanian, Itali ati awọn ipin Hungarian. Gẹgẹbi eto ti a pese sile ni Oṣu Kẹrin, ni ibẹrẹ Keje 1942, GA "South" ti pin si GA "A" (Field Marshal Wilhelm List), ti o lọ si Caucasus, ati GA "B" (Colonel General Maximilian Freiherr von Weichs) , nlọ-õrùn si ọna Volga.

Ni orisun omi ti ọdun 1942, GA "Poludne" pẹlu awọn ipin ti ojò mẹsan (3rd, 9th, 11th, 13th, 14th, 16th, 22nd, 23rd ati 24th) ati awọn ipin ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ mẹfa (3rd, 16th, 29th, 60th, SS Viking) . ati Nla Germany). Fun lafiwe, ni Oṣu Keje ọjọ 4, ọdun 1942, awọn ipin ojò meji nikan (8th ati 12th) ati awọn ipin ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ meji (18th ati 20th) wa ni Sever GA, ati ni Sredny GA - awọn ipin ojò mẹjọ (1., 2nd, 4th). , 5th, 17th, 18th, 19th ati 20th) ati meji motorized (10th ati 25th). Awọn ipin ihamọra 6th, 7th ati 10th ni o duro ni Faranse (ti a pinnu lati sinmi ati imudara, nigbamii pada si awọn ija), ati awọn ọmọ ogun 15th ati 21st ati Dlek 90th (moto) ja ni Afirika.

Lẹhin pipin GA "Poludne" GA "A" pẹlu 1st Tank Army ati awọn 17th Army, ati GA "B" to wa: 2nd Army, 4th Tank Army, 6th Army, ki o si tun 3rd ati 4th ogun. Ọmọ-ogun Romania, Ọmọ-ogun Hungarian 2nd ati Ẹgbẹ ọmọ ogun Itali 8th. Ninu awọn wọnyi, German panzer ati motorized ìpín wà ni gbogbo ogun ayafi awọn 2nd Army, ti o ní ko si sare ìpín ni gbogbo.